WHAT IS CREATINE?

Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, Creatine generally occurs as phosphoCreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine. Creatine is naturally produced in the human body from amino acids, primarily in the kidney and inside the liver. It is transported by the blood for the use of muscles. Approximately 95% of the human body's total Creatine is located in the skeletal muscle.Creatine is not an essential nutrient as it is easily manufactured in the human body from L-arginine, glycine, and L-methionine. In humans and animals, approximately half of the stored Creatine originates from food (about 1 g/day, mainly from meat). Since vegetables are not the primary source of Creatine, vegetarians can be expected to show lower levels of directly derived muscle Creatine. However, vegetarians showed the same levels of Creatine after the use of Creatine supplements. Supplemental Creatine may have an energy-generating action during anaerobic exercise and may also have neuro protective and cardio protective effects on the body.

SYNTHESIS OR PRODUCTION

Creatine is produced in the liver, kidneys and pancreas from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine, and may also be obtained from foods such as meat and fish. Creatine is found primarily in the skeletal muscle and is fundamental to the energy metabolism of all muscle cells. In the skeletal muscle, Creatine exists in equilibrium with phosphoCreatine. PhosphoCreatine acts as an ATP reservoir. The reverse reaction provides a rapid source of ATP to the muscle cells and appears to enhance the anaerobic capacity of the body, its aerobic recovery and protein synthesis. For these reasons, Creatine is used by athletes both, to increase muscle mass and to enhance performance in high-intensity exercise.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Creatine Monohydrate (CrM) is a nitrogenous organic compound obtained predominantly from the consumption of meat or fish by the body and is also synthesized endogenously inside the kidney, liver and pancreas. When CrM enters the muscle cell, it accepts a high energy phosphate from oxidative phosphorylation and forms phosphoCreatine (PC). PC is the storage form of high-energy phosphate, which is used by the skeletal muscle cell to rapidly regenerate Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP) during bouts of maximal muscular contraction. The conversion of ATP into Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate group generates the energy needed by the muscles during short term (5–15 seconds), high-intensity exercise. PhosphoCreatine’s (PC) availability in the muscles is vitally important in energy production, since ATP cannot be stored in excessive amounts within the muscle and is rapidly depleted during bouts of exhaustive exercise.

BENEFITS

Improves athletic performance along with increased fitness level: Creatine provides the human body with enhanced levels of stamina, metabolism and energy. Fish and meat are a good source of Creatine.Creatine is present in vegetarians but on a very low scale. Creatine supplements help in the improvement of athletic performance of not only meat eating people, but also among vegetarians.
Increases strength and stamina in people: Creatine enhances the capacity of the body to perform high intensity workout, which in turn helps in the smooth pumping of blood to the heart and engages the body more forcefully in any kind of workout or rigorous sports activity.
Enhances muscle volume: Creatine benefits bodybuilders and athletes as it has a property that causes muscle cells to inflate, thereby producing a heavy muscled appearance by acting as a stimulus for protein synthesis.
Enhances the nervous system: Creatine acts as a neuro protectant (an agent that increases the survival of nerve cells to environmental insults), which helps in the enhancement of neurons that help in stimulating the mental activity of the body more effectively.
Helps in combating Diabetes: Creatine helps in improving the glucose tolerance of the human body by increasing the volume of glucose transporter - type 4, inside the body. This helps the body to fight against diabetes.
Reduces Sarcopenia: Sarcopenia is an age related muscle loss problem. There is a natural decline in the production of muscle building (anabolic) hormones such as testosterone, growth hormone and other insulin hormones with the passing of time in our body. Creatine helps in decreasing the progressive loss of muscle mass.

Adding to this, Creatine is also helpful for patients suffering from cognitive heart failure (CHF), depression, bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease, diseases of the muscles and nerves, Gyrate Atrophy, and high cholesterol.

DOSAGE

During the loading phase (4-5 days), ingest 20g per day of Creatine monohydrate (5g four times per day). Following this phase, a maintenance dosage of 10 g per day (5 g two times per day) is beneficial. During the higher dose period, subjects are advised to ingest 20 g Creatine per day divided equally into four doses of 5 g Creatine per dose, with one of those doses taken immediately following a workout. During the lower dose period, subjects are instructed to ingest two doses of 5 g Creatine per day, with one of those doses taken immediately following a workout. Higher dose supplementation (20 g per day for the first 3 days) followed by a moderate dose (10 g per day) is employed in an effort to maintain maximal muscle Creatine levels. This was done in an effort to maintain fully saturated Creatine levels and to keep the total Creatine pool in our bodies at peak levels. There is no general consensus on the best time of the day to take Creatine. Many people mix Creatine powder with other supplements they are already taking, like Whey Protein. Creatine can also be mixed with warm water (improves solubility), fruit juice or caffeine-free tea. It’s important to note that Creatine monohydrate should be prepared fresh at the time of consumption. Do not pre-mix the Creatine powder ahead of its time. It’s generally recommended that the Creatine cycle be on 8 weeks on and the next 4 weeks off.

Precautions and Warnings

Taking more does not mean it is going to work better. Once the ATP pool is full, excess Creatine is excreted (wasted) by the body. As Creatine draws water from the body into muscle cells, it is very important that the body is kept hydrated drink adequate fluids when taking it.

Not suitable during pregnancy and while breast feeding. Do not use Creatine supplement if suffering from Kidney disease or diabetes
Supplements should be taken under the guidance of a qualified health counselor, doctor or health care provider. Once approved by a doctor, make sure the body is kept hydrated with the intake of plenty of water along with this supplement. Creatine may cause some negative effects which may include weight gain, muscle cramp, muscle strains and pulls, stomach upset, diarrhea, high blood pressure, liver dysfunction and kidney damage.
There are some negative effects which may cause irregular heartbeat or a skin condition called Purpuric Dermatosis in some people, but no medical proof has been provided so far to substantiate this claim.
Avoid consumption of alcohol while are on Creatine supplements. Alcohol reduces the benefits, and aggravates the side effects. Consumption of Creatine increases water retention and subsequent weight gain. To counter this, it is necessary to exercise hard. Those who have renal and gastro-intestinal issues are advised against its usage.
Creatine usage is generally not recommended for people under the age of 18.
Athletes who consume Creatine break up the dose into 2 stages. The initial one is called the loading stage and the second one is for maintenance. Dextrose is consumed along with it. Take regular precautions and drink large amounts of water. If any irregularities are noticed, discontinue the supplement at once and consult a medical advisor immediately.

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